This paper proposes how the shebanization process interrelated the multicultural peoples of the Horn to forge the birth of the Ethiopian nation in medieval period. Eventually, it allowed them to establish intended unity and they created an unprecedented powerful kingdom in the Horn of Africa. The legend revitalized and united these Christian polities and strengthened them to confront the expanding power of Islam in the Horn of Africa. The Christians were limited in the narrow highlands of the Northern Ethiopia and part of Eritrea. This legendary origin was intended to defend the widely spreading Muslim kingdoms that threatened to dominate the fragmented Christian polities. The Fetha Negest was always faithfully conserved in. Throughout its history, the Fetha Negest has been closely linked with the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, which still observes many of its precepts. It highlighted the unity of the Christian kingdom under the promised Land of Ethiopia in the model of Israel. The Fetha Negest is indeed the repository of Ethiopian ecclesiastical and civil law and as such a literary work of fundamental national importance. It gives the Judaic origin to both the church and the state of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia. This ideology was based on the national epic of Kəbra Nagast (Glory of Kings) that narrates the legendary visit of Queen Sheba to King Solomon (971-931 BC) of the Bible. This article is an inquiry on the medieval political ideology of Ethiopia that we call the Shebanization, which inspired the birth of the Ethiopian nation.
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